<a href="example.html" target="newWindow">Open in New Window</a>

driver.switchTo().window("newWindow");

If you already have multiple windows opened and you want to work with a particular window, then you may use getWindowHandles() method which will return a Set of String values. We will traverse the list using for each loop and print the handle name of all the opened windows. Further, user may use if else condition within the for each loop to get desired window.

for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}

LAB EXERCISE:

On website “https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows”, click on “click Here” button and verify if new window is indeed opened?

Solution:

We will break the problem into smaller tasks. This is demonstrated below:

Step 1: Create a method to open the browser and navigate to desired url. 

Create a new method getURL() and open the desired url using WebDriver get() method.

Step 2: Identify the link(WebElement) “Click Here” and click on it.

Right click on the link and select “Inspect Element“. Check the <a> tag and note down “target” value, which is “_blank” in this case.

Check the title of new opened window. We will use this property to verify if correct new window is opened.

Here we can see that new window’s title is “New Window“.

Step 3: Verify the new window’s title against which we have noted in above steps.

Since there would be more than 1 browser window, we will use getWindowHandles()method to extract all opened windows’ title and store them in a Set of String variable. Full code is explained below:

Step 1:

package testpkg.SeleniumWebDriverDemo;
import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Frame {
        //initialize the driver at class level so that it is available throughout the code

    public WebDriver driver = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    }

    public void getUrl() throws Exception {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                "C:\\Users\\Dhawal\\Downloads\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();

        // Open the Browser and navigate to desired url

        driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows");
         }
}

Step 2: Update above code with following in bold

package testpkg.SeleniumWebDriverDemo;
import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Frame {
        //initialize the driver at class level so that it is available throughout the code

    public WebDriver driver = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    }

    public void getUrl() throws Exception {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                "C:\\Users\\Dhawal\\Downloads\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();

        // Open the Browser and navigate to desired url

        driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows");
                
                // Identify the link(WebElement) "Click Here" and click on it.
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click Here")).click();
        Thread.sleep(3000);
         }
}

Step 3:

package testpkg.SeleniumWebDriverDemo;

import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Frame {
    public WebDriver driver = null;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.getUrl();
    }

    public void getUrl() throws Exception {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                "C:UsersDhawalDownloadschromedriver_win32chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();

        // Open the Browser and navigate to desired url
        driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/windows");

        // Identify the link(WebElement) "Click Here" and click on it.
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click Here")).click();
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
        for (String handle : handles) {
            if (driver.switchTo().window(handle).getTitle().equalsIgnoreCase("new window")) {
                System.out.println("Correct Window Opened");
            }

        }

    }
}

We have created a Set of String “handle“, which will hold all the opened window handles (Remember, getWindowHandles() always returns a collection of String values). In this example we have 2 opened windows. We have iterated over these values using a for-each loop and verified if any of the opened windows’ title is “new window”.

Further, if we need to interact with any of the WebElement in new window, we will use driver.switchTo().window(handle).findElement(By) to get the WebElement reference.

Try to interact with WebElements of new window, and comment below in case you need help.


Hope you guys have understood how we can keep track of all opened windows and traverse among them. Next, we will see how to work with frames. This would be a cake-walk as in this case we know the locators and total number of frames in a window in advance.